By Michelle Grattan, University of Canberra
Accelerated tax cuts, cash splashes for pensioners, massive incentives for business to invest and a subsidy to hire unemployed people are the centrepieces of the Morrison government’s COVID-19 budget.
More than 11 million taxpayers will get a tax cut backdated to July 1, giving lower and middle-income earners tax relief this financial year of up to $2,745. Duel income families will receive relief of up to $5,490, compared to their tax in 2017-18.
Australians on pensions and related payments will also receive a cash handout of $250 from December and another $250 from March next year.
Treasurer Josh Frydenberg said the Australia economy was “fighting back”, with more than half of those who had lost their jobs now back at work. But “there remains a monumental task ahead,” he said, assuring Australians “we have your back”.
“The road to recovery will be hard — but there is hope,” he said
A budget focused on creating jobs also delivers generous tax breaks to boost business activity, and a new plan to subsidise hiring young people who are unemployed for up to a year.
Frydenberg said the Australian economy had been hit hard, but “we have a plan to rebuild our economy and to create jobs”.
Massive deficit
The budget has a massive $213.7 billion deficit for this year. It will stay in the red throughout the budget period, with deficits totalling $480.5 billion over the next four years.
Net debt will reach $703 billion this financial year – more than 36% of GDP, rising to $966 billion (44% of GDP) by June 2024.
Frydenberg told parliament, “this is a heavy burden, but a necessary one to responsibly deal with the greatest challenge of our time”.
The economy is forecast to contract by 3.75% this calendar year, with unemployment peaking at 8% in the December quarter. In the 2021 calendar year, economic growth is forecast to be 4.25%, with unemployment falling to 6.5% by the June quarter 2022.
Read more: Budget 2020: promising tax breaks, but relying on hope
In his speech to parliament, Frydenberg reiterated the government’s two-phase strategy.
The first phase is to focus on “boosting consumer and business confidence, growing the economy and creating jobs”.
Once unemployment is “comfortably below 6%” the government will move to phase two, “where there is a deliberate shift from providing temporary and targeted support to stabilising gross and net debt as a share of the economy.”
“We will then rebuild our fiscal buffers, so that we can be prepared for the next economic shock,” Frydenberg said.
The income tax cuts, at nearly $7 billion, are the biggest cost this financial year, rising to nearly $18 billion in total over the forward estimates.
Tax cuts brought forward
The government is bringing forward stage two of its already legislated tax plan, lifting the 19% threshold from $37,000 to $45,000 and the 32.5% threshold from $90,000 to $120,000.
It is also retaining the Low and Middle Income Tax Offset for an extra year.
As a proportion of tax payable, compared to 2017-18, the greatest benefit would flow to people on lower incomes, with those earning $40,000 paying 21% less tax, and people on $80,000 paying about 11% less tax this year.
“Under our changes, more than seven million Australians receive tax relief of $2,000 or more this year,” Frydenberg said.
JobMaker hiring credit and huge tax breaks
A new JobMaker hiring credit will be available for employers who take on people on JobSeeker aged 16 to 35. The subsidy will be $200 a week for those under 30 and $100 a week for older people. These new hires must work at least 20 hours a week. All businesses except big banks will be able to use the scheme and the government says it will support about 450,000 jobs for young people.
The hiring credit will cost $850 million in the current financial year, rising to $2.9 billion in 2021-22.
Tax breaks for business are huge over the budget period.
From budget night, more than 99% of businesses will be able to write off the full value of any eligible asset they purchase. The concession will be available for businesses with a turnover of up to $5 billion until mid-2022, with the program costing $26.7 billion over the forward estimates.
Read more: Budget 2020: Frydenberg tells Australians, ‘we have your back’
Frydenberg described the concession as “a game changer” which “will unlock investment”.
“It will dramatically expand the productive capacity of the nation and create tens of thousands of jobs.”
In another business initiative, companies will be able to use their losses earlier.
Frydenberg said the combination of these two measures would create an extra 50,000 jobs.
Infrastructure and water spending
The government is also looking to infrastructure to stimulate activity, with Frydenberg saying “the budget will see $14 billion in new and accelerated infrastructure projects.”
As part of supporting the regions, Frydenberg announced $2 billion in new funding to build water infrastructure.
With women’s jobs particularly badly hit during the recession, the budget has a women’s economic security statement including $240 million in measures.
Thousands of new home care packages
On aged care, Frydenberg announced an increase of 23,000 home care packages, costing $1.6 billion. He said the government would provide “a comprehensive response” after the royal commission’s final report on aged care, which comes early next year.
The government is also implementing reforms to superannuation arrangements.
New superannuation accounts will no longer be automatically created when a worker moves jobs. “Under our reforms, your super will follow you” Frydenberg said. The government had previously flagged that it would implement the change, recommended by the Productivity Commission.
Michelle Grattan, Professorial Fellow, University of Canberra
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
